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The environment I have adopted for study is the soil ecosystem, focusing on Azospirillum bacteria. Maintaining healthy soil is essential for optimal plant growth and agricultural productivity. Azospirillum improves soil fertility and plant health making it a valuable component of sustainable agriculture, contributing to global food security.
Azospirillum bacteria is found in the soil, recognized as bio-fertilizers due to their plant-promoting properties which include biological nitrogen fixation, hormone production, phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. Additionally, they exhibit biocontrol activity against phytopathogens. All these characteristics make this bacteria valuable for use in agriculturally important crops.
Free-living bacteria are oblong rod-shaped, non-spore forming cells containing polyhydroxybytyrate granules that may form cysts.Abiotic stress tolerate with a negative gram stain, motile cells with single polar flagellum as well as several lateral flagella that are shorter in length. Class: Proteobacteria; Order: Rhodospirillales; Family: Azospirillaceae; Genus: Azospirillum.
https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article/24/4/487/510690# https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9143718/
Azospirillum enhances soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, promotes plant growth via phytohormone production, improves nutrient uptake, increases stress tolerance, induces disease resistance, and supports ecological balance as a keystone species in the soil microbial community.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/5/1057
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381120231_The_Importance_of_Azospirillum_for_Sustainable_Rice_Production
It reduces fertilizer dependence, increases crop yields, hormone production, and serves and supports sustainable agriculture as a cost-effective an eco-friendly bio stimulant, biofertilizer and biocontrol agent for sustainable farming. Applied in co-inoculation with other microorganisms to improve agriculture.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071716302000
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2191-0855-3-21
Azospirillum faces threats from agrochemical contamination, raising concerns about microbial conservation. Ethical issues in genetic engineering and bioprospecting highlight ecological risks. Sustainable use requires integrated research efforts to balance microbial benefits with environmental and societal considerations.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071723003541
