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Here are some interesting facts about the best known yellow entity, which is mostly found or spotted in infected Rice plants and acts as a good response to light in pathogenicity of these bacteria in the plant and regulates surface attachment and biofilm production. It is an important antioxidant in many industrial applications, including foods, petroleum products, and cosmetics. Lets found out more !..
Xanthomonas translucens growing on sucrose peptone agar showing Mucoid, convex, and yellow pigment from xanthomonadin, which contains bromine
In a shape of straight rods
Size – 0.4 – 1.0 µm wide by 1.2 – 3.0 µm long
The bacterium Xanthomonas is a Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped with cells measuring 0.4 to 1.0 µm wide by 0.7 to 2.0 µm long . It produces xanthomonadin, a distinctive yellow pigment with bromine that is frequently utilized as a chemotaxonomic and diagnostic marker of this genus. It is motile according to a single polar flagellum. The growth temperature of the bacteria ranges from 4 to 37 °C, optimal growth 25-30 °C .
To withstand abiotic stresses, Xanthomonas can attach to surfaces via surface polysaccharides and form biofilms. The pigment shields the skin from UV rays. UV tolerance is primarily conferred by oxidative stress and DNA repair genes. Its light response influences both pathogenicity and the control of surface attachment and biofilm.
Xanthomonas species produce an edible polysaccharide called xanthan gum that has a wide range of industrial uses, including foods, petroleum products, and cosmetics. Xanthan also plays role in the disease cycle of Xanthomonas. In particular, It is one of the main components of the biofilm matrix, which help these bacteria sustain abiotic stresses on the leaf surface. Xanthan production that thrives in vascular plant systems might block the water flow of the plant and as a result, cause wilting.
Xanthomonadins are membrane-bound yellow pigments from the family Pseudomonadaceae, including Xanthomonas spp., Xylella fastidiosa, and Pseudoxanthomonas spp. There are many pathovars in this genus, most of which are plant pathogens. A variety of environmental bacterial species also generate them. They are a distinct class of halogenated, aryl-polyene, water-insoluble pigments, the black rot in crucifers, has been demonstrated to play significant roles in epiphytic survival and host-pathogen interactions.
