Nondumiso Mavundla
Not only are microbial pigments utilized as food coloring, flavoring, and dying agents, but they are also often used in medical contexts. One of the most significant issues in clinical medicine today is the rise of bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotic treatments. There is always a need for novel antibiotics.Several gram-negative bacteria, such as Chromobacterium violaceum,Janthinobacterium lividum, and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata D2, generate violacein, a water-insoluble purple pigment.
Using Ehrlich tumor cells and murine renal carcinoma, the function of caspases in the activation of the execution phase of apoptosis triggered by violacein was also established. Veracein may lengthen the lives of mice who are carrying tumors by exerting direct antiproliferative actions on EAT cells and Ehrlich tumors. The life expectancy of mice with tumors . This discovery is the first concrete proof of violacein's purported in vivo antitumor action.
The natural purple pigment violacein is present in microorganisms that thrive in a variety of settings, including the tropics and glaciers. The gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-.sporing, and mobile Chromobacterium violaceum may use fermentable carbohydrates and can grow rapidly at 35°C–37°C on standard laboratory culture conditions.
Veracein is a strong antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, and antiparasitic compound that can induce mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and kill some types of tumor cells. It is an indole-derived, purple-colored natural pigment that was isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is a bis-indole pigment with purple undertones that could be used in immunotherapy. Violine serves as both an antibiotic and an anticancer agent when used to treat Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria.
Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea is the only marine bacteria that can make violet, thus we employed bacteria from the marine environment to create the hue. We also discovered fresh bacterial strains in the environment below 300 m, together with the violacein pigment they produced. Further study is necessary since C. violaceum cannot be mass produced due to its pathogenicity to humans and other animals.
Cancer is a prominent cause of death globally, and medications are being developed to treat it. Apoosis is a cutting-edge method with low side effects for eliminating tumors without their becoming resistant. Many compounds found in natural products derived from marine organisms have been demonstrated in studies to be potential sources of novel medicines. Violacein may be advantageous in a variety of biological settings, including toxicological research and its usage in medicine.
Violacein affects tumor cells in a variety of ways, including by inducing apoptosis and stopping metastasis and development. Hyperpolarization and membrane permeabilization are its two most significant side effects. When added to a strain of oncolytic bacteria, in-situ is created; however, because of its poor solubility in water, it may affect its bioavailability and have little effect on biological systems.
