Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins definition, sources, classification, and examples of fat soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C)

Vitamin definition, sources in foods, list of A, B, C, D, E, K vitamers, types of vitamins and deficiency signs, symptoms of water and fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble nutrient that is important for normal vision, the immune system, reproduction, growth, and development. It also involved the proper working of your heart, lungs, and other organs. Carotenoids are the form of vitamin A that gives colour to yellow, orange, and red fruits and vegetables. Our body may be able to convert some carotenoids which we eat from various food sources into vitamin A.

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) is a member of water-soluble B vitamins found naturally in some foods and added or sold as a supplement. Polishing rice, yeast, and eggs are rich sources of thiamine or vitamin B1 required for the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is one of the most important water-soluble B vitamins that occurs widely in nature and is necessary for growth and health. Riboflavin occurs free or phosphate or joined to specific proteins to form enzymes. The structure of riboflavin shows that it contains lumichrome with a side chain attached to the N-9 atom. Lumichome is Lumi-lactoflavin where a hydrogen atom present at 9 positions is replaced by a methyl group.

Niacin (vitamin B3) is a water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in foods sources such as beef, poultry, fish, brown rice, nuts, sunflower seeds, and avocado for information about vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) benefits to skin, hair and nerve with B5-reached foods and supplements for health, dietary recommendations and deficiency

Vitamin B7 natural sources, foods rich in biotin, best recommended supplements and benefits in metabolism, hair growth, skin and nails health with deficiency

Folic acid structure, uses of folate or vitamin B9 in anemia, requirement or benefit of folic acid in pregnancy, deficiency dose, side effects

Vitamin B12 or cobalamin structure, deficiency causes anemia, depression, natural food sources, functions and normal B12 Intake requirements

Vitamin C sources, ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate supplement and uses in skin health and scurvy treatment with deficiency, benefits, side effects

Niacinamide for skin, uses of vitamin B3 or nicotinamide supplements and serum for acne, dark circles, pellagra with sources, benefits and side effects

Vitamin E benefits and uses for skin, hair, vision, menopause, immune system with deficiency, natural food sources and best supplement for health

Vitamin K uses and benefits on blood clotting, bone health, skin, heavy periods, sources of vitamin K1 and K2 in foods and supplements, deficiency symptoms

B vitamins list, sources and functions of thiamine, riboflavin, B3, B5, B7, folic acid, and B12 with vitamin B complex supplements and daily intake for good health

Biopolymers definition, types, examples of synthetic polymers materials, uses of biopolymer in food packaging industry and biomedical application

Cell in biology, structure and functions, discovery, examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and organelles, plasma membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm