Exosomes play vital roles in medical research. Almost all cell types, including tumor cells, can produce and release exosomes. More importantly,the encapsulated cargos (proteins, RNA, and lipids) of exosomes not only act as important mediums in intercellular communications, but also have specialized functions in coagulation and water management. The content and function of exosomes vary a lot in different tissues and cell types. For example, in tumor cells, exosomes are involved in tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, Exosomes can be used as biomarkers and therapies alike in the early clinical diagnosis, providing efficacy evaluation and prognosis analysis of the disease.
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