Covid 19

Covid 19 aerosol protection from droplet and aerosol contaminations in healthcare workers performing airway intubation: a randomised cross-over simulation study. The closer you are to someone releasing virus-carrying aerosols, the more likely you are to breathe in larger amounts of virus.

Coronavirus really changed our everyday routines, so much that we can’t handle it? Everyone has its own way of facing the COVID-19 problem we should use Covid 19 antiviral mouth spray to protect from Coronavirus.

It’s been a long time since the COVID-19 vaccines or Covid 19 antiviral mouth spray are with us, we somehow aren’t used to them. While a suspicion on almost everything is a normal part of our everyday life, in this case they can make us make unpractical decisions.

We will achieve it till next year’s Mother’s Day and is likely to happen if and when society follows simple rules. Of course there’s not going to be a surge of any kind if there aren’t vulnerable people around. So, it’s all a matter of not letting our guards down too soon and getting COVID-19 vaccines or Covid 19 antiviral mouth spray.

It’s most amazing how the COVID-19 vaccine and Intranasal Covid 19 spray opportunities changed over the time. To get the jab is essential and it’s undoubtedly the best option for protection during COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the COVID-19 vaccines were authorized, global leaders aimed at getting vaccinated as much of the population as they could. Tempting as it may sound, herd immunity turned out to be a distant and hard to achieve goal. Though children tend to be rather asymptomatic than suffer from severe COVID-19 symptoms, there are many of them actually dying of MIS-C.

Pfizer announced intentions of including children in the whole process at the beginning of the year and made a remarkable process so far. The first COVID-19 vaccine produced, passed the trials and approved for use in December, doesn’t compromise on quality. On Monday the company was proud to gain FDA authorization for emergency use for children aged 12-15.
Of course, it wasn’t an easy decision to make and Pfizer proved its top results since March. After all, it turns out efficacy among adolescents aged 12-15 is better than those of 16-25. The Director of FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research claims Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is 100 % effective and shows a great immune response. In an evening briefing, FDA Acting Commissioner Dr. Janet Woodcock assured:

FDA has done everything we can to ensure that the Covid-19 vaccines we have authorized have met the agency’s high standards for quality, safety and effectiveness.

CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice meets on Wednesday, but it’s up to every state licensing board to make decisions. Canada already gave a green light to using Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 12-15 last week. When including them in calculations, 5 % are added to the count, which gives a total of 85 % of the population. Actually, study on Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine or Covid 19 antiviral mouth spray safety and efficacy in children ages 6 months to 11 years old is ongoing. In September the company expects to gain authorization for emergency use for children ages 2 to 11 years. As for children under 12, the FDA Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee is gathering on June 10.

Kawsar R. Talaat from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health acknowledges the necessity of including children in inoculation. Even if they’re not likely to suffer from severe COVID-19 symptoms, they’re able to spread COVID-19 to their elder relatives. That one plus they can possibly become long-haulers, is a reason good enough to give them an extra protection. Returning to school and playgrounds could definitely be a relief for all that participate in the online education advantage.
More detailed, 2,260 adolescents participated in the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine trial, and 18 of them received a placebo effect. Although it wasn’t expected to prevent COVID-19 disease, but trigger an immune response, the vaccine actually offered robust protection. However, Pfizer will be monitoring for long-term protection and safety for an additional two years after their second dose.

The president Joe Biden expressed willingness to spread Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine to nearly 20,000 pharmacy sites across the country. In order to do that, head of the CDC, Dr. Rochelle Walensky should sign off on the committee’s recommendations. As soon as this happens, there will be shots available within days and most probably by Thursday. Again, it’s a matter of time before US parents decide whether to take a step further in the COVID-19 fight. In an attempt to simplify the process, the authorities are planning to deliver the cure directly to pediatricians’ offices. In that way the system hopes to bring trust, as families will feel more comfortable discussing their choice.

So, we can easily say the future of the COVID-19 pandemic lies all in our hands. For the government, it’s clear to make more Americans getting inoculated, and make it in the safest and quickest means. However, that doesn’t stop anti-vaxxers from suspicions and conspiracy theories, neither worries people normally express when trying something new. Including children in COVID-19 battle is in order to keep them protected, as they’re already involved in the pandemic, anyways.

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant based aerosols. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Liliya Ganeva is an article writer, who explores all the actual, up-to-date COVID-19 information, and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

New information has uncovered over the previous year, the number of anti-Asian hate incidents — which can include disregarding, slurs and actual assaults — is more prominent than recently revealed. Also, a lopsided number of assaults have been aimed at women.

An ascent in COVID-19 cases, when most of them were reported in China, has been connected to an expansion in assaults on Asian Americans. Democrats have highlighted previous President Donald Trump’s frequent use of racist phrases such as “kung flu” to describe the coronavirus as a link to the increase in anti-Asian sentiment.

The legislation, introduced by Rep. Grace Meng, D-N.Y., and Sen. Mazie Hirono, D-Hawaii, instructs the Department of Justice to assign a point person to expedite the review of hate crimes related to COVID-19.

The research delivered by reporting forum Stop AAPI (Asian American and Pacific Islander) Hate on Tuesday uncovered almost 3,800 cases were accounted for throughout approximately a year during the pandemic. It’s a significantly higher number than a year ago of around 2,600 hate incidents cross country over the range of five months. Women made up a far higher share of the reports, at 68%, contrasted with men, who made up 29% of respondents. The nonprofit does not report incidents to police.

Speaking on the House floor ahead of the vote, Meng recalled how over the past year, the Asian American community has faced an “additional pandemic: the virus of hate and bigotry.”

“The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act is a necessary step to confront the second pandemic of racism and discrimination. We cannot mend what we do not measure,” she said.
Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., praised the bill as “important legislation to address a grave and growing crisis.”

“The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Bill will strengthen our defenses against any anti-AAPI violence, speeding our response to hate crime, supporting state and local governments as they improve reporting, and ensuring that they have crimes information and it’s more accessible to the Asian American communities,” she said on the floor.

Ahead of the bill’s final passage Tuesday, Rep. Judy Chu, chair of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus, applauded the Senate for its “almost unheard of showing of bipartisan support.”

“It shows just how much the near-daily tragedies of anti-Asian violence have shocked our nation into action,” Chu said at a press conference with Democrats involved with the legislation.

One Chinese American woman reported that a “man on the subway slapped my hands, threatened to throw his lighter at me, then called me a ‘c—- b—-.’ He then said to ‘get the f— out of NYC.’” Another woman, who’s Filipino American, reported that while in a Washington, D.C., metro station with her boyfriend, a man shouted “Chinese b—-” at her, coughed at the couple and physically threatened them.

Meng consoled the Asian American and Pacific Islander people group that following a time of “agony and battle,” Congress is making a move.

“Those of Asian descent have been blamed and scapegoated for the outbreak of COVID-19, and as a result, Asian Americans have been beaten, slashed, spat on and even set on fire and killed,” she said at the morning news conference. “The Asian American community is exhausted from being forced to endure this rise in bigotry and racist attacks. Asian Americans are tired of living in fear and being frightened about their kids or elderly parents going outside.”
These people and their community experienced an immense increase of hate crimes in past year. The organization Stop AAPI Hate reported 6,603 hate incidents from March 2020 to March 2021, and leaders said the real numbers are far more frightening, as many attacks go unreported.

Our conclusion of all this information above, from 2 different sources is that people are panicking. Americans are losing their minds in the mass chaos caused by the pandemic and without thinking, they attack the people from the race of origin (Chinese people). Americans do not even consider the fact that these people have nothing to do with chine except their facial traits, because they are Asian Americans, born and raised in USA. It absolutely makes no sense to bully and assault the same people as you , citizens of USA , that have done nothing wrong, but posses different facial traits than you. This is pure racism.

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant based aerosols. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Aleksandar Videv is an article writer, who explores the scientific and fictional ideas about Covid-19 future impact /or after Covid-19…. and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

The internet has a new word for all the spring breakers, partygoers and hoarders behaving selfishly during the new coronavirus threat.

They’re calling those people “COVIDIOTS,” a nickname inspired by the COVID-19 disease, which appears to be bringing out the worst in a minority of people, even while others practice generosity and social distancing.

Welcome to the Coronaverse. (Or is it the Coronapocalypse?) Two months ago, these words or phrases either didn’t exist or were rarely used. As the pandemic has upended our lives, it also has catapulted a barrage of new vocabulary and slang into the mainstream lexicon, helping people make sense of — and laugh at — these dark times. It is making things easier when the humor is there, nevertheless dark humor or any other kind. Just makes you feel better.

Previously, the fastest word to enter the dictionary was AIDS, which took two years from appearing in The New York Times in 1982 to enter Merriam-Webster. By comparison, COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus, shattered all records, going from coinage to dictionary in 34 days. Immediately it shot to the most-searched word on the dictionary website.
“That is the first and only time we’ve seen that,” said Peter Sokolowski, an editor at Merriam-Webster. “People were looking it up the second before and the second after it went live.”

The new words symbolize a shared human experience as people across the globe grapple with a new way of life. During tragedy, new playful slang can also foster humor and connection, as people Zoom and tweet from their living rooms.

Other slang may or may not be around for the long term: Someone behaving irresponsibly during the outbreak can be called both a “morona” and a “covidiot.”

The two terms will duke it out in the wild, but “covidiot” will likely prevail as it just sounds better, said Heather Littlefield, a Northeastern linguistics professor.

“It has to do with how catchy it is,” Littlefield said. “It’s almost like a fighting-out of the funniest or best words.”

“Covidiot” may win the battle, but still fade when social distancing ends. It even contains a prime example of fleeting slang: “Vidiot” was an insult in the 1950s, when many feared televisions, referring to someone made insane by watching too much TV, Sokolowski said.
So , this is it about the new slangs coming out of these long Corona times.

Times change, languages change as well, even adding some ridiculous slangs to use when people are being irresponsible and dull. But we have to admit, these slangs have their charm, they are catchy to use and make us laugh in hard times.

COVID-19
Here you can also check a similar article of my colleague but with more serious approach : https://mvs-pharma.com/the-importance-of-not-being-a-covid-19-denier/

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant-based Covid 19 aerosol protection. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Aleksandar Videv is an article writer, who explores the scientific and fictional ideas about future with/or after Covid-19…. and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

We have already been though some of the “corona-waves” as they are called and we have working vaccines and Covid 19 antiviral mouth spray now. But here it is another vaccine developer company called “CureVac”. They are promising utmost safety with their product which is currently in the early stages of production. I will tell you more about the investors, the people who are backing this company up by their own funds.
One of Germany’s most well-off programming big shots is the greatest investor in CureVac, an organization hustling to build up a Covid vaccine. Two German tycoon biotech financial investors are likewise behind BioNTech, which declared on Monday it’s building up a vaccine.

As the competition to build up a Covid vaccine heightens, one player—German drugmaker CureVac—is upheld by especially wealthy people. CureVac, which is in the headlines in the midst of rumors that the U.S. government offered subsidizing to lure its research solely to America, checks probably the most extravagant business person, Mexican shopping center big shots and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation among its investors.

The organization’s biggest investor is German extremely rich person Dietmar Hopp, who made his fortune as a co-founder of big business programming organization SAP. Hopp, who Forbes appraisals to be valued at $13.4 billion, has become a critical biotech investor. He said in a meeting with the German distribution Handelsblatt that he has put more than $1.5 billion into biotech firms.
CureVac is valued at $1.7 billion, as indicated by CB Insights. Hopp claims over 80% of its shares and according to CB Insights he invested $189 million into the organization.

CureVac is still in the first development stage of the product, yet discloses to Forbes that it anticipates that its vaccine candidate should be in a phase one clinical preliminary—which tests for safety, not efficacy—by June. Because of the pandemic, CureVac expects drug controllers to accelerate the vaccine advancement measure, which for the most part takes over a year, if not quite a while. The drugmaker utilizes courier RNA to create immunotherapies for battling cancer and uncommon infections.

Hopp’s obligation to biopharma research stood out enough to be noticed after the German paper Welt am Sonntag written about March 15 that the Trump organization attempted to draw CureVac to the U.S. to get the Covid vaccine only for US residents. The German Ministry of Health and the Minister of Interior both affirmed to Reuters that they were doing all that they could to keep CureVac from moving its research to the US. CureVac told Forbes that there hasn’t been any offered by the U.S. to gain the organization’s innovation. CureVac has activities in the Boston territory however its vaccine work is being done in Tübingen.

Hopp clarified he goes against any thought of restrictiveness. “If we’ll hopefully soon succeed to develop an efficient vaccine against the coronavirus, this should be accessible and should protect and help people not only in one region, but all over the world,” he stated on March 15th by his Hopp Biotech company.

Bill Gates, whose charitable foundation collaborated with CureVac as early as 2013 to create vaccines against malaria and universal influenza, is persuaded of their methodology. “The implications of mRNA vaccines are enormous,” Gates said in a speech at the Grand Challenges Annual Meeting in Berlin in 2018. “They could be produced cheaply and quickly – maybe even quickly enough to respond to a new global pandemic.” The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supported CureVac with $44.2 million, including grants to work on the malaria and influenza vaccines. CureVac affirmed that the Gates Foundation is the second greatest investor in the organization.

Two other German billionaires’ involvement in a biotech organization may likewise help end the pandemic. BioNTech, a traded on an open market German organization sponsored by tycoon twins Thomas and Andreas Struengmann, reported on Monday its own vaccine candidate to help Covid prevention. BioNTech hopes to begin clinical testing of the vaccine in late April, in front of CureVac. Thomas and Andreas Struengmann, Forbes estimates to be worth $6.7 billion each, are dominant part investors of BioNTech and together own simply more than half of the offers.

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant-based aerosols. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Aleksandar Videv is an article writer, who explores the scientific and fictional ideas about future with/or after Covid-19…. and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

ABSTRACT
Infection caused by Novel Coronavirus has been declared a pandemic and is spreading in 213 countries and territories globally with severe implications.Due to the high rate of transmission of the virus throughthe aerosol and the novelty of the infection to humans, the illness has become a global emergency.

The angiotensin converting enzyme-2(ACE-2) has been recognized as the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry.We review the physiological functions of ACE2, presence of ACE2 in different organs of the body and ACE2 relationship with Covid 19 and other diseases.The goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of the complexity andimportance of this receptor.Understanding the regulation of ACE2 in the context of COVID-19 could help understand the physiopathology of the illness and lead to the development of preventive and therapeutic drugs that help fight the pandemic illness. As such, it is now getting renewed attention as a possible target for anti-viral therapeutics.

Associating the occurrence of the disease in diverse geographical areas having genetically diverse ethnicities, can offer a scientific foundation for future researches to implement protocols on COVID-19 treatment, considering the rapid advent of the coronavirus disease and the current data shortfall on the virus pathophysiology. The paper highlights the fact that since ACE2 gene polymorphisms is population specific, screening of ACE2 polymorphisms in varied population groups across geographies could be helpful in evaluating the severity to SARS-Cov-2 infection

ACE2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a single extracellular catalytic domain which plays an important regulatory role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2has different roles such as catalytic, transporter of amino acids or viral receptor. It has an important role in different systems, from cardiovascular regulation to viral infection. It catalyses the formation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I and so playing a key role in the control of cardio-renal function and blood pressure control (Medina‑Enriquez et al.,2020).

ACE2 is part of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), the keysystemaccountable for the regulation of systemic arterial pressure. In addition, the RAS also has a local or paracrine function. RAS is anintricate system that is involved in many biological processes. The functions of the system are wide, which include inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, memory, sodium and water reabsorption, thrombosis, and plaque rupture (Perdomo-Pantoja et al.,2018;Wegman-Ostrosky et al.,2015).

ACE2 Function
ACE2 is a main element of the RAS system. Initially, angiotensinogen is converted into Angiotensin I (Ang I) through the action of renin, an aspartyl protease which is produced in kidney. Angiotensin I (Ang I) is converted intoangiotensin II (AngII) by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) which induces an increased blood pressure promoting vasoconstriction and inflammation. Lastly, ACE2 converts AngII to Ang-(1–7) which is vasodilatory agent. The increase in the activity of ACE2 might reduce the RAS system by inactivating and enhancing the production of Ang-(1–7). Ang (1-7) polypeptide, which has anti-inflammatory functions like protecting cardiomyocytes, relaxing blood vessels, anti-proliferation, and can enhance the activity of bradykinin which is an inflammatory mediator(Simões e Silva et al.,2016).

SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 Protein
The human ACE2 protein is a zinc metallopeptidase which is an ectoenzyme (family of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase). It contains 805 amino acids. This protein is a kind of transmembrane glycoprotein and its expression is abundant with a single extracellular catalytic domain that mainly localizes at the plasma membrane (Santos et al.,2003; Hamming et al.,2007). There are two forms of the ACE2 protein. The first form of ACE2 proteincontains a structural transmembrane domain and points its extracellular domain to the plasma membrane. The second form is the soluble form, which circulates in small amounts in the blood (Batlleet al.,2020).

The ACE2 gene length is 39.98 kb of genomic DNA and contains 18 exons(Turner et al.,2002). It maps to chromosome X at position Xp22.8It encodes a type I cell-surface glycoprotein of about 100 kDa which is composed by 805 amino acids and characterized by a Nterminal signal peptide of 17 amino acid residues, a peptidase domain (PD) with its HEXXH zinc binding metalloprotease motif, a C-terminal Collectrin (a regulator of renal amino acid transport and insulin)-like domain (CLD) that includes a ferredoxin-like fold “Neck” domain, that end with an hydrophobic transmembrane hydrophobic helix region of 22 amino acid residues followed by an intracellular segment of 43 amino acid residues (Li et al., 2003; Cerdà-Costa and Xavier Gomis-Rüth, 2014).

SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 IN BODY
ACE2is an enzyme attached to the cell membranes of cells located in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines ( Hamming et al.,2004; Donoghue et al.,2000) . In 2002, Harmer et al. (Harmer et al.,2002)studied the presence of ACE2 and found that the mRNA of ACE2 is expressed in 72 different tissues. ACE2 present in epithelial cells, which line certain tissues and create protective barriers.ACE2 is attached to the cell membrane of mainly lung type II alveolar cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, arterial and venous endothelial cells, and arterial smooth muscle cells in most organs. ACE2 mRNA expression is also found in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and brainstem( Medina‑Enriquez et al.,2020).ACE2 expression is high on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelial cells, in this context, ACE2 functions as a co-receptor for nutrient uptake (Hashimotoet a.,2012).ACE2 has other essential actions such as a non-catalytic function and the regulation of renal amino acid transport and pancreatic insulin secretion (Batlle et al.,2010).

SARS-CoV-2
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key regulator of systemic blood pressure and renal function and a key player in renal, lung and cardiovascular disease. Ang II is the main effector substance of the RAAS, with potent vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory, and pro-fibrotic properties. Ang II is converted into Ang(1–7) which mediates vasodilatation, antiproliferation, and apoptosis, thereby opposing the effects of Ang IIby the action of ACE2. Thus, ACE2 play important role in RAAS system(Hamming et al.,2007).

ACE2 and Kidney Disease
In the kidney, Ang 1-7 formed by ACE2 acts on the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) MASwhich leads to vasodilation, anti-fibrosis, anti-proliferation, and anti-inflammatory vascular protection.

ACE2 isvastly expressed in kidney, mostly in brush border cells of proximal renal tubules, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells of renal vessels, and podocytes. According to studies,ACE2 gene knockout can lead to an increase in blood pressure, glomerular damage, and renal fibrosis in diabetic mice and Exogenous human recombinant ACE2 can decelerate the developmentof diabetic nephropathy (DKD) (Anguiano et al.,2017). In study it has been found that in damaged renal tubules, the increase of Ang II may be a possible mediator for further renal damage in human renal diseases.Hypertensive nephropathy is a widespread complication of hypertension, mainly due to inflammation associated with Ang II, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis.

According to study conducted inthe school of medicine of Jilin University found thatGinsenoside Rg3 can alleviate the Ang II-mediated renal injury in rats and mice by upregulating ACE2 in renal tissue(Liu et al.,2019).

ACE2 and Cardiovascular Disease
ACE2 is broadly present in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary artery endothelial cells. ACE2 is avital regulatory protein in RAS. RAS system controls the balance of body fluid and blood pressure and sustains the tension of blood vessels.

The overactivation (increase of vasoconstriction) or reduction (decrease of vasodilation) of RAS will lead to vascular dysfunction, which is the majorreason of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Anguiano et al.,2017).

Oudit et al., have found that ACE2 knockout mice have serious cardiac dysfunction, and ACE2 may have the potential to transform and regulate heart function.Researchers discovered that local overexpression of ACE2 significantly reduced the development of early atherosclerosis.Uri et al., confirmed the linkamong the activity of ACE2 in serum and the deterioration of heart failure. The reduction of serum ACE2 activity is a selective biomarker of cardiac dysfunction. Thus, ACE2 is the majordefensive pathways against heart failure.

ACE2 and Diabetes
RAS and natriuretic peptide system (NPS)are the majorreasons of the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Neutral lysozyme inhibitors can protect the cardiovascular system via increasing NPS levels and the increase of RAS blockers which include angiotensin blockers, ARB, and ACE inhibitors. The stimulation of the ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor pathway is linked to processes like inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and insulin resistance (Yong et al.,2013).

Experiments in diabetic mouse models demonstrated that the ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor pathway was upregulated, while the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MAS receptor pathway was downregulated, in both the retinae and kidneys. This is also established in the kidneys of type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. These data suggest that the imbalance between the ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor and ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MAS receptor pathways is a base for the occurrence and development of diabeticcomplications(Zhang et al.,2015).

ACE2 AND COVID 19
SARS-CoV-2 binds to human angio-tensin-enzyme II (ACE2), using it as a cell entry receptor to invade respiratory and lung epithelium through the spike (S) protein (Zhou et al., 2020a,2020b) Studies show that, like the severe acute respiratory syndrome coron-avirus (SARS-CoV) that caused SARS, SARS-CoV-2 binds to human angio-tensin-enzyme II (ACE2), using it as a cell entry receptor to invade respiratory and lung epithelium through the spike (S) protein (Zhou et al., 2020a,2020b) Studies show that, like the severe acute respiratory syndrome coron-avirus (SARS-CoV) that caused SARS, SARS-CoV-2 binds to human angio-tensin-enzyme II (ACE2), using it as a cell entry receptor to invade respiratory and lung epithelium through the spike (S) protein (Zhou et al., 2020a,2020b) SARS-CoV-2 utilizes angiotensin receptor (ACE) 2 to enter human cells (Donoghue et al., 2000; Turner et al., 2002; Li et al., 2003). Similarto other CoV, during viral entry into the host cell, the spike proteins (S) on the envelope of SARS-CoV-2 are cleaved into S1 and S2 subunits (Kira chdoerfer et al., 2016). S2 does not interact with the receptor but it harbours the functional elements required for membrane fusion of the virion. The S1 protein/receptor interaction is the pivotal determinant for SARS-CoV-2 to infect a host species. S1 contains the receptor binding domain (RBD) and directly binds to the peptidase domain (PD) of ACE 2 to enter host cells (Turner et al., 2002; Li et al., 2003; Yan et al., 2020)

SARS-CoV-2
As shown in figure,(A) in normal state without infection of SARS-CoV-2,there is anequilibrium in ACE andACE2 receptor activity. ACE controls the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system (RAS) and cuts Ang I to produce Ang II. Ang II is a powerful vasoconstrictor andharmful forendothelial and epithelial function through activating AT1 and AT2 receptors. The balance of the RAS/Ang II output is controlled by ACE2 andMas/G protein coupled receptor activity. ACE2 cuts Ang I and Ang II into Ang-1-9 and Ang1-7, respectively, thus it triggers MAS/G protein coupled receptorthat guard cell death. (B) In case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2binds to ACE2 to enter into epithelial cells of the lungs. Cleavage of spike proteins by a protease such as trypsin/cathepsinG and or ADAM17 on ectodomain and TMPRSS2 of endodomain sites help viral entry into the cells. This process leads to flaking of host ACE2 receptors anddamage of its protective function. Damage of function of ACE2 activity stops production of Ang 1-9 and Ang1-7. Lack of Ang1-7 reduces the activity of MAS/G receptor which leads to the loss of its defensive functions which includes vasodilatation, cell protection both at the epithelial and endothelial sites. Loss of ACE2 leads to animbalance and unrestricted effects of Ang II and upregulation of RAS/Ang II pathway. Upregulation of Ang II trigger vasoconstriction, thrombophilia, microthrombosis,alveolar epithelial injury, and respiratory failure. Hence, preventing the proteolytic function of trypsin/cathepsin and ADAM17 or TMPRSS2 and or direct activation ofMAS/G receptor by enhancing Ang-(1-7) can overcome the damage of function ACE2 and are viable targets to avert tissue damage to the host(Samavati and Uhal.,2020).

SARS-CoV-2 has a higher ACE2 bindingaffinity than other CoV(Li et al.,2003). According to research of Shang et al. [9], the3-dimensional structure of the SARS-CoV-2 binding sitehas anextra compact conformation, enhanced binding stability,and potentially improves the ACE2 receptor bindingaffinity. According to Sequence-based prediction studies, amore effective cleavage site inserted at the edge ofthe S1/S2 subunits of the spike S protein (a host proproteinconvertase, furin). This polybasic furin-type cleavagesite is unique, can increase the virus capacity to internalizeinto cells (Liuet al.,2020). Additionally, studies through surface plasmonresonance have confirmed that the ACE2 binds to theectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein withabout 10- to 20-fold higher affinity than the S protein ofthe SARS-CoV(Liu et al.,2020). These diversefeaturesmay clarify the higher SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.

The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been proposed as possiblehelpful treatments for COVID-19(Sun et al.,2020).According to the study of Monteil et al. it was found that human recombinant soluble ACE2 could block SARS-CoV-2 cell attachment (Monteil et al. 2020).

ACE 2 POLYMORPHISM AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF COVID 19
Morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 increase with age and co-existing health conditions which include cancer, cardiovascular diseases,and although most infected individuals recover, even very young and healthy patients may randomly succumb to this disease (Dong et al.,2020). These explanationsbeg the question of how much of the variation inCOVID-19 disease severity may be clarified by geneticsusceptibility.Human genetic factors may contribute tothe very high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 andto the persistently progressive disease observed in a smallbut noteworthy proportion of infected individuals.

Growth of newpreventive and/or therapeutic approaches for COVID-19will be significantly facilitated by methodical identification ofhost genetic pathways and DNA polymorphisms (variants)which modify the risk of infection and severe illness,including the overexuberant immune response tothe virus.

COVID-19 pandemic had vasthealth and financial impacts in 188 countries/regionsacross the world, but the disease has also hit in differentracial/ethnic subpopulations. Huge genetic studiesin people of geographically variedlineage haveconfirmedconsiderable genetic variation in proteincoding regions, with broadlyvariable allele frequencies (Lek et al.,2016). SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for accessinto cells for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (Hoffmann et al.,2020).

According to studies, occurrence and mortality rates are significantlydiverseamong male and female COVID-19patientsand the disease is related with pre-existingconditions, such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders and individuals with hypertension gettinganti-hypertensive medications (Guo et al.,2020). So, a systematicstudy of the functional polymorphisms inACE2 among different populations couldpave the technique for precision medicine and personalizedtreatment strategies for COVID-19.

The expression level and expression pattern of human ACE2 in diverse tissues might be critical for the susceptibility, symptoms, and outcome of COVID-19.

Scientist Hou and his teams have investigated genetic susceptibility to COVID-19 by examining DNA polymorphisms in ACE2 genes. They collected a total of 437 non-synonymous singlenucleotide variants (SNVs) in the protein-coding regions of ACE2 from three databases:(i) Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD v3: gnomad. broadinstitute.org, covering 9 geographical areas), (ii) Exome Sequencing Project (ESP: evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/), and (iii) 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP, www.internationalgenome.org)and used ANNOVAR (Wang et al.,2010) to interpret all non-synonymous variants. By applying Polyphen2 and CADD (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion) scores, theyrecognized 63 possibly deleteriousvariants in ACE2.

Theyfound that the circulation of deleterious variantsin ACE2 differs among 9 populations.Precisely, 39% (24/61) and 54% (33/61) of deleteriousvariants in ACE2 occur inAfrican/African-American(AFR) and Non-Finnish European (EUR)populations,respectively. Occurrence of deleterious variantsamong Latino/Admixed American (AMR), East Asian(EAS), Finnish (FIN), and South Asian (SAS) populationsis 2–10%, while Amish (AMI) and Ashkenazi Jewishpeople do carry such variantsin ACE2 coding regions.

AFR populations carryp.Met383Thr and p.Asp427Tyr variants having allele frequenciesof 0.003% and 0.01%, individually.Thep.Pro389His only happens in the AMR populations having an allele frequency of 0.015%. The p.Arg514Gly is a smallallele frequency (0.003%) variant in AFR populations.This ACE2 variant is positionedin the angiotensinogen (AGT)-ACE2 contactsurface, which is estimated to influence RASfunction. The RAS is importantfor regulation of blood pressure, sodium, and fluid balance,and its disfunction is related with cardiovascularand kidney illnesses(Kuster et al.,2020).

The EUR populationcarries the p.Arg708Trp, p.Arg710Cys, p. Arg710His,and p.Arg716Cys variants having allele frequency of0.01~0.006%.whereas the EAS and the AMR populationscarry p.Arg708Trp and p.Arg710His having allele frequency of 0.04% and 0.01% . Adding to these four variants, p.Leu731Phe has themain allele frequency in the AFR and EUR populations.In total, these comparative genetic analyses recommendthat ACE2 genomic variants may play significant roles insusceptibilities to COVID-19 and its related cardiovascularconditions by changing AGT-ACE2 pathway. In addition to variance polymorphismswhich may explain susceptibility and even consequence indifferent ethnic populations.

Scientist Hatami et al.,discovered a probableassociation between ACEI/D allele frequency and the COVID-19 recovery rate. Also,this study disclosed that the ACE I/D allele ratio is very varieduniversally. East Asian countries such as China andJapan had a ratio of more than 1 which showed a higher rateof I allele frequency. In East Asia, there seemed to bemore I-alleles than D in the people genome. Though, South Korea has an allele ratio of 0.87 which is higher than in European countries.Like thisstudyscientistSaab et al alsostudied the averageACE II genotype frequency in different populations of different nations(Saab et al.,2007). They revealed thatACE I allele and genotype frequencies display an associationwith longitude.

As per study of Saab and group, a strongassociationamong II genotype frequency and longitude,shown by a decrease in the II frequency from Europeto the Middle East. Summarily, the normal frequency of the IIgenotype in the north of Europe and Denmark was 23%,whereas the UK and Spain recorded 20% and 15%, whilenorthern and southern Italy registered 14% and 12%, in addition China and Japan averaging 35% and 45% respectively (Saab et al.,2007).

Likewise, this result was established in our study, as Denmarkhad an ACE I/D ratio of 1.01, which was higher than inother European countries. The result of Saabet al.’s study about the lowest II genotypes of Europe inItaly, makes us ponder about a likely role of genetic factorsand the disaster of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy with ahigh case-fatality rate (Livingston and Bucher.,2020).

European countries like Italy,Spain, and the UK have been extensively affected by COVID-19. It is well recognized that ACE I allele frequency in Europeis lesser than in East Asia as seen in our result of this study, whichshowed the average ACE I/D allele ratio in Europe as0.55, whereas it was 0.93 in the Asia. This discoveryapproves the results of Wang et al.’s study as they projectedthe averageACEfrequency in East Asia to be 0.63and 0.43 in Europe (Wang et al.,2013).

Khayat and his team propose a biological aspect, the genetic variation at the viral S protein receptor in human cells, ACE2 (angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2), which may pay to the worse consequence in males and in some regions globally. Theyaccomplishedexomics analysis in native and admixed South American populations, also conducted in silico genomics databank research in residents from other continents. ten polymorphisms in coding, noncoding and regulatory sites were found that can propose a reasonable biological clarification for these epidemiological differences. In conclusion, there are ACE2 polymorphisms that could affect epidemiological differencesdetected among lineage and, alsobetween sexes(Khayat et al.,2020).

The racial change of ACE gene polymorphism is wellrecognized. In the United States, AfricanAmericans are identified to have the highest frequency of the Dallele (89%) when compared with Indians (69%) and whites(69%) (Mathew et al.,2001).In Europe, people in Italy, Spain, and Francehave a high frequency of D allele up to 82% to 87% (Lee et al.,2002)while in Asian populations, such asChinese, Korean, Taiwanese, and Japanese, have a highfrequency of ACE gene II allele, which is higherthan the European populations (33% to 51% versus 13% to27%) (Saab et al.,2007).

The racial variance of ACE I/Dgenotype appears to coincide with the changes of consequenceswhere the populations with high frequency of D allelesappear to experience higher fatality. LikeAfrican Americans seem to have the excessively highfatality rate in the United States(Yancy 2020;Dyer 2020).Likewise, patientsfrom Italy, Spain, and France also experience high fatality inEurope.

The low frequency of ACE D/D and high frequency of II genotype seen in Asian populations appear to be related with relatively low fatality of COVID-19in those nations (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries, last accessed April1, 2021).

Though socioeconomic and environmental circumstances may play a role, they do not completelyclarify the severity of acute lung injury in COVID-19. According to Scottish study of influenza, socioeconomic factors do not completelyclarify ethnic differences in hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (Simpson et al.,2015).

Thus, The ACE gene polymorphism, which accounts for thevariances of the ACE level in general people, may beaccountable for the susceptibility to severe lung injury inCOVID-19 patients. The absence of ACE D/D genotype inpatients withCOVID-19 may be defensive against developingsevere lung injury.

Conclusion

The role of aerosol exposure to the transmissionof SARS-CoV-2 has been proven in many studies. Scientists have underlinedthat infected individuals represent emissionsources of aerosol produced by routine behaviours—suchas breathing, speaking, singing, coughing, sneezing, all of which might be capable oftransmission of disease thus it is tough to control it by just mask and social distancing.

SARS-CoV-2 use ACE2 as the receptor for entry into host cells. Since ACE2 is highly expressed in various organs and tissues, SARS-CoV-2 not only enters into the lungs but also attacks other organs with high ACE2 expression. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is extremely complex, with numerous factors involved. In adding to the direct viral effects and inflammatory and immune factors, the downregulation of ACE2 and imbalance among the RAS and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS axis may also pay to the multiple organ injuries in COVID-19. These two characteristics of covid 19 make it highly riskier for humanity.

The possibility of a second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections is very strong so, preventive actions are important. It is important to note that vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinoviruses, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV have not yet been successful. So, for SARS-CoV-2, the medical and scientific groups must strengthen their studies in the areas of drug development for discovery of effective therapies and in preventive measures. The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is a possible target for the development of specific drugs, antibodies, and vaccines. Reinstating the balance between the RAS and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS may aid attenuate organ injuries in COVID-19.

Prevention wouldcomprise of avoidance of viral contamination and possible identification of genetically susceptible groupswithin the human population.Differences in COVID-19 severity can beclassified as (a) asymptomatic, (b) symptomatic but nohospitalization required, and (c) severely symptomaticwith hospitalization required. Explanation of allelesof relevant genes related with these three levelsof severity to viral response can help clinicians in dealingwith probable future waves of pandemic. Clarificationof genomics and genetic pathways related tosusceptibility of SARS-Cov-2 infection can becomeimportant in combating a future wave.

MVS Pharma is working on Covid 19 aerosol protection transmission of Viral diseases and this article is written by Dr Disha Trivedi who is expert in the field of biotechnology and has published several research and review articles in international journal.

With India encountering an overwhelming second wave of the Covid pandemic, questions are being asked about how the nation — which is home to the world’s biggest vaccine producer — got to this terrible point.
Every single day India keeps reporting enormous cases of new infections. On Tuesday, it passed the disturbing achievement of announcing more than 20 million Covid cases and at any rate 226,188 individuals have passed out from the infection, although the reported death toll is believed to be lower than the actual death toll.

Meanwhile, India’s vaccination program is battling to have an effect and supplies are in deficit, despite the nation having ended vaccine trades in March to zero in on homegrown vaccinations.

The sharp rise in diseases found in India since February has been ascribed to the allowing of a large religious festival and election rallies, just as the spread of a more irresistible variation of the infection. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his governing Bhartiya Janata Party have been criticized for an absence of alert and readiness, and blamed for placing governmental issues and crusading above open security.
A conflict of words over the public authority’s immunization system has likewise followed. Ruling lawmakers have been criticized for permitting a huge number of dosages to be exported earlier this year.

Until this point, India has managed around 160 million portions of a Covid vaccine (the transcendent shots being utilized are the AstraZeneca shot, delivered locally as Covi shield, just as a native vaccine called Covaxin created by Bharat Biotech). In April it approved Russia’s Sputnik V vaccine for use and the first batch of doses arrived at the start of May, although it has not yet been deployed.

Only 30 million people have had the complete two doses of a Covid vaccine in India so far, government data shows. That’s a small number (just over 2%%) of India’s total population of 1.3 billion people — although around a quarter of that total are under 15 years old and, as such, are not eligible for a vaccine yet.

Dr. Chandrakant Lahariya, a specialist situated in New Delhi who is also a vaccines, public arrangement and health systems expert, disclosed to CNBC Wednesday that India’s large adult population makes the immunization effort difficult.

vaccninating indian man
“Even if the projected supply was available, India has opened the vaccination to a far bigger population than probably any setting can expect the vaccines (to cover). It is essentially an outcome of limited supply and a vaccination policy which is not mindful of supplies. No amount of advanced planning could have assured that sort of supply, which is needed now with the opening of vaccination for 940 million people in India,” he said.
Vaccine supplies are “unlikely to change drastically,” Lahariya said. “India needs anywhere between 200 to 250 million doses a month to function Covid-19 vaccination drives to full capacity and it has around 70-80 million doses a month. Clearly, there is a long way to get (to) that kind of supply,” he noted.

An Article about the New Deadly Indian Variant of Covid you can find here : https://mvs-pharma.com/deadly-indian-variant-hits-back-in-uk/

Vaccine wars

The inadequacies in vaccine supplies has inevitably led to a deflection of blame with vaccine producers in the terminating line. Inquiries over vaccine costs, fabricating limit and the objective of provisions have plagued the world’s biggest vaccine producer, the Serum Institute of India, and Bharat Biotech, the Hyderabad-based drug organization that makes Covaxin.

Adar Poonawalla, CEO of the SII which produces the Covid vaccine developed by AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford, said Sunday that the institute had been blamed for a vaccine shortage and scapegoated by politicians, but said it had not boosted capacity earlier because of an initial lack of orders.

“I’ve been victimized very unfairly and wrongly,” he told the Financial Times on Monday, adding that he had not boosted capacity earlier because “there were no orders, we did not think we needed to make more than 1 billion doses a year.”

He said that the country’s deficiency of vaccine portions would proceed through July, when production is required to increment from around 60 to 70 million dosages every month, to 100 million.
In this article we are seeing that India is in one of its biggest crises ever occurred.

The population is facing severe vaccine shortages and the nation is in panic. We can pray for them and be even more cautious with our person-to-person interactions and overcome the virus once and for ever.

Vaccines out of stock
MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant-based aerosols. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Aleksandar Videv is an article writer, who explores the scientific and fictional ideas about future with/or after Covid-19…. and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

Vietnam extended lockdown measures in its industrialized north on Tuesday to battle its greatest COVID-19 flare up until now, as specialists reported daily record in new cases that was more than double the last peak.

The health ministry late on Tuesday reported 447 new COVID-19 contaminations, the greatest leap since the 190 cases seen on May 16, driven by bunches in industrial facility zones in Bac Ninh and Bac Giang areas. The figure was modified from 457 reported before.

“The COVID-19 variation figured out this time has been spreading quickly and broadly,” Health Minister Nguyen Thanh Long said in an articulation, without determining which variation.

Vietnam has announced the presence of the highly infectious variation first recognized in India.

The variation has spread to more than 30 of Vietnam’s 63 cities and provinces, including the capital Hanoi, which has shut restaurants and banned public gatherings.

Bac Ninh, home to creation offices of Samsung Electronics , began a check in time and other travel limitations from Tuesday, state media announced.

That followed the brief conclusion of four modern parks, incorporating three with Foxconn offices, by experts in adjoining Bac Giang area.

The episode could be a major test for Vietnam, which effectively contained earlier, smaller outbreaks and kept away from the degree of financial harm endured by its neighbors.

Many assembly factory workers are among the nearly 2,800 people infected since late April,, which represents about portion of the country’s 5,773 in general cases. It has recorded 44 deaths.

“The density of workers at the outbreak is so high, sharing the same enclosed environment, the same dining areas and the same sanitary areas,” Long said.

“The risk is very high.”

Most cases on Tuesday were at factories in Bac Giang, where specialists said testing was increase and laborers’ residences shut off.

The neighborhood government said it was thinking about an incomplete resumption of activities from Wednesday for laborers not contaminated.

Vietnam presently can’t seem to begin mass immunizations against the Covid, with around 1 million antibody portions managed up until now.

This is the current situation happening in Vietnam about Covid , vaccinations and new cases. Take notes and keep safe distance to avoid spreading the virus further.

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant-based aerosols. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Aleksandar Videv is an article writer, who explores the scientific and fictional ideas about Covid-19 future impact with/or after Covid-19…. and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

As long as we survived for almost 1 and a half year after the COVID-19 pandemic, everything is possible. We obeyed the rules, stayed at home, went through home office and online education. Now, we feel free to grab life again, more than ever. Unfortunately, nothing can replace victims we’ve had so far, friends and families lost one way or another. Finally, the global efforts invented with the COVID-19 vaccines and aiming for a common goal remained essential. That’s how people got a step closer to destroying the previously unknown enemy. Next thing many Americans hoped for and prayed for so many times before, is now an inevitable truth.

In last Thursday’s Briefing, CDC updated its guidelines, USA fully – vaccinated citizens are free of any limits, no matter if it’s indoors or outdoors. This is definitely a great success, because it took a lot of patience and controversial opinions. Over 117 million Americans, which represents 35 %, received both shots, and over 154 million – one of 2. That’s enough, if you’re 2 weeks after one-dose Johnson & Johnson, or the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. So, having a single shot of either the Moderna or Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines doesn’t make you entirely safe.
The government was constantly criticised for keeping measures for too long, so this decision was about to come. CDC Director Rochelle Walensky left the back door open by saying the situation is unpredictable, so tightening is always an option. However, compared to last year’s mixed recommendations, this is a huge breakthrough. Apparently, being a fully-vaccinated person allows you to ditch the mask and avoid social distancing even in crowded places. Tricky part is that public transportation isn’t included again. Travelling by any vehicle is still available, and can only happen when your mask is on.

For 8 months, the USA is facing the lowest number in daily COVID-19 cases and death rates. But memories still remain of the 4th wave it had, taking it to the first place of worlds COVID-19 trackers. In contrast with winning overall approvement before, Joe Biden is presently grilled about wearing a mask during his recent speech to Congress. Moreover, remembering his goal to reach herd immunity till celebrations for 4th July seems 100 % complete. But do all American citizens feel free to grab life again?
Actually, the CDC guidance update has some serious issues to deal with, regarding business. For Harold Kim, president of the U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform federal, state and local requirements have never been so confusing.

We never had a playbook

he said, considering many essential workers face unvaccinated people, refusing to wear masks. Children and people with chronic diseases, plus COVID-19 Pandemic long-haulers are at a certain risk, too.

COVID-19 pandemic
We are comfortable to do as we’re pleased.
With all of this information in mind, are we to worry anymore? Besides concerns, this brand new stage of COVID-19 pandemic battle gave us 1 vitally important thing that has been taken from us: FREEDOM. Whether to embrace the amazing opportunity or not, we can take a deep breath and decide. While time’s moving along and doesn’t put any pressure, we are comfortable to do as we’re pleased. Should that include wearing a mask, it’s in our hands. It’s about accepting the change and feel free to grab life again.

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant based aerosols and Covid 19 aerosol protection. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Liliya Ganeva is an article writer, who explores all the actual, up-to-date COVID-19 information, and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

Since a couple of weeks, it seems everything’s settling down and COVID-19 will never return. Governments slowly low the guard and ease the measures. No more restrictions, limits and concerns! Well, at least that’s what some of us think or secretly hope for. However, it turns out our case isn’t exactly like this. As the deadly Indian variant hits back In UK, people get confused. We begin trying to figure out whether to take off masks and neglect social distance. So, what’s the story behind the B. 1. 617, also known as the Indian variant?
In conclusion, we can assume it’s another COVID-19 variant to talk about. People first mentioned it in Maharashtra, India on 5 October 2020. This COVID-19 strain is about to become dominant in the UK in a few days. Briefly, it has 3 sub-lineages, each with totally different mutations. WHO defined it as a variant of concern on 11th May, UK labeled B.617.2 on 6 May. Despite consecutive numbers, B.1.617.3 was spotted in October. B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 emerged later in December. By transmissibility it’s close to B.1.1.7 and scientists refer to it as a double mutant. The name goes after its nature of gene encoding. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein it contains presents 2 mutations altogether causing the substitutions E484Q and L452R.

Counting shows a double increase since the time Indian variant was identified as a variant of concern from 520 to 1,313. On Monday, Matt Hancock stated 483 cases were in Bolton, Sefton and Blackburn and all age groups had it. While B.617.2 is 50 % more transmissible than the Kent variant, it’s not unexpected we observe 50 cases of it in Wales. First Minister, Mr. Drakeford confirmed B.1.617.2 attacks mostly urban centres like Newport, Cardiff and Swansea. To stop the spread, the UK government initiates a surge testing and vaccination in the affected areas. The existing vaccines are effective enough, but still authorities suggest a turbo-boost. Ease of restrictions is doubtful, because it’s unpredictable if B.1.617.2 will meet the 21 June target.

With triggering a stronger immune response, the government will certainly curb rising infections.
Sharing common concerns, Downing Street called a press conference on Friday 14 May. It then expanded measures for people over 50 and the clinically vulnerable to 8 weeks after the first dose, up from 12. People over 40 are also prioritised for a first dose. Officials sent a rapid response team of 100 nurses, public health advisers and environmental health officers. Johnson said the army will be set on the streets of Blackburn and Bolton, equipped with COVID-19 tests. Due to the emergency, the vaccination centres will also work with extended hours. However, finite supply of doses makes it hard to pursue a local surge vaccination.

On the contrary, the mobile team offered help to more than 22,000 residents already. With triggering a stronger immune response, the government will certainly curb rising infections. UK prevented itself from future variants, in a deal with biopharmaceutical company CureVac. It pre-ordered 50 million doses of currently developed COVID-19 vaccines.
For India, the situation escalates and gets worse. They intensively experience 2 COVID-19 wave and red light is signaling out of control. The deadly Indian variant hits back in the UK, more fierce and threatening to rule over the country. Some suggestions speculate this could be now turning into an even bigger global crisis. Whether true or false, only time will tell. Gradually, we spent too much on believing fake news that never happened.

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant based aerosols and Covid 19 aerosol protection. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Liliya Ganeva is an article writer, who explores all the actual, up-to-date COVID-19 information, and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

In the last 2 years, we witnessed so many deaths due to COVID-19 that we hardly ever believed we could manage with. Now the burden we used to carry with us for much too long, seems to weigh less than before. While COVID-19 loses its grasp in the USA, India still suffers. But just when we’re about to think the situation can’t get any worse, we can turn to Nigeria. Being a federation of 36 states and 1 Federal Capital Territory, the country is an example of how men face life. Except for war, food, education and climate crisis, it meets COVID-19, which makes the fight absolutely devastating.

As of December 10, 2020 Nigeria entered a second COVID-19 wave, which also added fuel to the already burning conflict. In view of 70 % of Nigeria hospitals lacking running water in the toilets, it’s now even getting more complicated. Over the years, multiple organizations tried to help the country to deal with the difficulties. That includes OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), WHO, Danish Refugee Council, Norwegian Refugee Council, UNICEF. Still due to the attacks in Nigeria’s North East Zone over 2 million people abandoned their permanent residence. The Non-State Armed Group (NSAG) rush became the reason for 1,237 individuals from 245 households to leave their homes.
Besides war issues, the social distancing and pandemic’s impact on Nigeria’s economy raised another question. Since last week, officials have launched a 24/7 free helpline to face the tripled number of mental cases. The team consists of trained psychologists and counselors, and expects a partnership of partner organizations, collaborations to join. However, struggling with a mental problem turns out to be rather personal, because Nigerians are ashamed of looking for assistance. The uncertainty associated with COVID-19 at the time caused an increase in anxiety and panic attacks. It’s amazing over 5,000 reached online counselling of the leading psychologist Aisha Abdullah only for a 1 year. Doctors should also take in mind suicidal attempts, such as any kind of negative thoughts to grow and affect men.

The drones are an important player in the COVID-19 vaccine game too. For that purpose, 2 of Nigeria’s states signed an agreement with Zipline International Inc. The San Francisco based construction company finished major hubs and distribution centres and is now obtaining approval of making deliveries in Cross River and Kaduna. With an over 200 million population, the country has administered just about 2 million AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines, received in March. Obviously, that barely covers the target of inoculating 70 % of its citizens over 18 by next year.
COVID-19
That’s how Nigeria’s men face life today.
Looking at Nigeria’s coat of arms, we wonder if there is any Unity and Faith, Peace and Progres left. We see Nigerians united only when they meet challenges of starving, forced departure from home, getting sick without cure. While faith is the only thing worthwhile, peace is a myth and progress turns out to be unachievable. Unfortunately, that’s how men face life today. But as the COVID-19 pandemic has put us all in this together, now we know global effort really matters. We could and should change the current situation only by participating in the whole process, not staying at a distance.

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant based aerosols and Covid 19 aerosol protection. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Liliya Ganeva is an article writer, who explores all the actual, up-to-date COVID-19 information, and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

Today, we’ve already moved a step ahead of COVID-19. Now that the COVID-19 vaccines are here, and almost all of American adult population is inoculated, reaching herd immunity is close. After Pfizer got FDA approval for children above 12 a couple of weeks ago, the same issues lay upon Moderna. As they intend to spread it wider, it’s absolutely necessary for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine to be safe for children.

On Tuesday the company announced results proving it’s highly effective in teens aged 12 – 17. Being the second COVID-19 vaccine for that, has the impact of increasing the supply and choices younger people make. Both options are messenger RNA (mRNa) vaccines, so they contain the genetic code (mRNA) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. When entering human bodies, they teach our cells how to recognize it, and produce antibodies, in order to protect us.

While being a double-dose vaccine, Moderna’s shots need a 4-week period in between. In March they launched the Phase ⅔ trial, with about 3,700 volunteers. It’s really amazing half of them received the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and the others received a placebo. 4 of the placebo participants got COVID-19 2 weeks after the second dose, but from the rest there was 0. Naturally, this leads to the conclusion we have a100 % efficiency. So, it’s absolutely safe for oue children.
Regarding mild COVID-19 cases the numbers go up to 93% after getting the first jab concerning any infection. Mild to moderate side effects are headache, fatigue, muscle aches and chills, expressed after the second dose.

Despite waiting CDC approval in June, the government is currently investigating cases of heart inflammation in young adults. In detail, it includes children, received both shots of either of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. In a 17 May meeting scientists presented reports of myocarditis to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). As it appears, the condition is found in more man, than women within 4 days after the second dose. It’s an inflammation that affects the heart muscle’s electrical system and reduces the ability to pump.

There were several cases of myocarditis, linked with the MIS-C, also post COVID-19. However, it’s possible the few cases reported by the vaccine safety group may not be related to the vaccine at all. The doctors observe fever, fainting, breathing difficulties, rapid breathing and rapid or abnormal heart rhythms. In fact, a whole host of viruses could cause such a problem, but it’s a rare condition among children. Last year, during the spring and summer seasons, pediatricians saw a slight decrease in the condition, due to the safety measures. Though this is a rather disturbing discovery, it’s unlikely CDC will pause mRNA vaccination over it, as with Jonhson.

Meanwhile, the CEO of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Richard Besser spoke about the condition in a NBC News interview. Definitely, the problem raises the red flag for emergencies, but it’s a living proof that the system works effectively. There is an Independent Adviser Committee that is monitoring safety data every week. Rare or not, these conditions are not unexpected, and come as a normal part of the investigation. They’re still gathering information and we still don’t know if there is a correlation or causation. There are safety signals to pop up in the authorization of almost all new medicines the market brings in.

Concerns about COVID-19 vaccines surrounded us all the way through our path. Last week, more than 600,000 American adolescents received their jabs, in order to keep them protected from the mighty coronavirus. But again, is it worth the risk to put your teen under such pressure? You know what they say – the benefits overweigh the risks. Yet, finally the choice and responsibility that goes hand in hand with it is all in the prarrents. We just keep on wondeirng – are COVID-19 vaccines safe for children?

MVS Pharma GmbH is an innovative pharmaceutical start-up company, which researches in the area of reducing viruses and bacteria with plant based aerosols and Covid 19 aerosol protection. Their special formula ensures the purity and the stability of the used ingredients during storage.

Liliya Ganeva is an article writer, who explores all the actual, up-to-date COVID-19 information, and the possibilities for producing aerosols made out of plants against respiratory viruses and bacteria.

More than a year since COVID-19 in Baden-Württemberg sent much of the world into lockdown, economies remain fragile and there is no clear endgame in sight. It is a hard time for businesses to look forward and make plans, but “wait and see” is not a viable option.

To get a COVID-19 vaccine in Baden-Württemberg or not to get? And if I do, which one is the best for me? – That’s what’s circulating in the global society for some time now. And while the Shakespeare question still remains, the massive immunisation is still in progress.

When it comes to proper nutrition, everyone knows it’s essential for securing good quality and healthy life. But as we switch to our daily routines, we often forget about it and push it aside. When living with the coronavirus aside for about more than a year,

Now it’s been more than a year since the coronavirus first crossed our path, we’re certainly more than sick and tired of all the restrictions, lockdowns, opening and closures of almost everything that’s possible. Read more here about Covid-19 in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

One year after Covid-19 in Baden-Württemberg began its relentless spread across the world, the contours of a global order reshaped by the pandemic are starting to emerge. Just as the virus has shattered lives, disrupted economies, and changed election outcomes, it will lead to permanent political and economic power shifts both within and among countries.