10 Most Important Topic in Networking

The basic Ethernet frame structure is defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard. However several optional Ethernet frame formats are being used to extend the protocol’s basic capability. The Early versions of frames structure were comparatively slow. The latest versions of Ethernet operate at 10 Gigabits per second. This is the fastest version of Ethernet. At the data link layer, the frame structure is almost the same for all speeds of Ethernet....... Read More Ethernet Frame

WAN is 3rd in the types of network providing access to other networks over a wide geographical area such as across cities, states and countries called Wide Area Network (WAN), which is typically owned and managed by a telecommunications service provider..... Read More

A classful network is a network addressing architecture used in the networks since 1981.The RFC 790 and 791 released in 1981 describing how IPv4 network addresses were primarily allocated based on a classification system. The authors of IPv4 addresses set up three classes of network addresses, class A, B, and C for different network sizes.....Read More

SDH is the abbreviation of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, refers to multiplexing techniques and technology used in networking and telecommunications. It is the most popular standard being used in the whole world. The SDH proved a high-speed transfer of data and digital signals. Due to synchronization, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy provides a flexible and simple network infrastructure.....Read More

https://networkustad.com/2019/07/12/eui-64-process-randomly-generated-ipv6/

After the client receives SLAAC or SLAAC with stateless Router Advertisement (RA) message, the client required to generate its own Interface ID. The client gets the prefix portion of the IPv6 address from the Router Advertisement (RA) message; however, RA message did not hold the information about the interface ID for the client. So, the client creates its own Interface ID. The Interface ID can be derived from the MAC address or a randomly generated 64-bit number......Read More

We can configure either static or dynamic routes after the configuration of directly connected interfaces. The static routes are manually configured and it provides a clear path between two networking devices. It must be manually reconfigured if there are changes in the network topology. This is the main disadvantage of static routes. It is more secure and more efficient than dynamic routes. It uses less bandwidth than dynamic routing protocols because of no CPU cycles required to calculate and communicate routes. it provides easy maintenance in smaller networks that are not expected to grow significantly. We can use static routes in the following different situations.......Read More

We learned in a previous lesson that legacy inter-VLAN routing requires multiple physical interfaces on both the router and the switch. But in the ‘Router-on-stick’ configuration only one physical interface needed on both sides. The Router-on-a-stick allows routing packets to subnets associated with VLANs connected to a router 802.1Q trunk. The Router-on-Stick uses VLAN trunking configuration and creates a virtual interface connected to each VLAN. The router creates multiple virtual interfaces for each associated VLAN, and then it handles all frames tagged with that VLAN ID as if they came in and out of that virtual interface. The virtual interfaces also called sub-interfaces of the router.....Read More

In the previous article, we have discussed the normal and extended-range VLANs. Normal range VLAN configuration is stored in vlan.dat file, which located in flash memory on the switch. Flash memory does not need the copy running-config startup-config or Write command. But, other details are usually configured on a Cisco switch at the same time when VLANs created; it is best to save running configuration changes to the startup configuration. The figure below illustrates the Cisco IOS command syntax used to add a VLAN to a Cisco switch and give it a name. Naming each VLAN is best practice in VLAN configuration.....Read More

A default static route is a route, that represents any network, not in the routing table of that router. Routers normally use default routes that are configured locally or learned from another router, using a dynamic routing protocol. A default route is used when there are no other routes match in the routing table for the destination IP address of the packet. This route is also known as the Gateway of Last Resort. The administrative distance for default static route is 1. The common use of the default route is the following:.....Read More

In this article, I am going to explain the “IP route” command and its parameter, argument, and options in detail. IP route command is used to configure the static route. Static routes are the most secure way of routing. They will also increase overall network performance. These features are extremely helpful in a small network. The syntax of the command is the following:......Read More