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Trivial file transfer protocol (TFTP)

is a simple lockstep file transfer protocol which allows a client to get a file from or put a file onto a remote

**

Network address translation

** (nat) is a method of remapping an ip address space into another by modifying network address information in the ip header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing devices. The technique was originally used to avoid the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream internet service provider was replaced, but could not Route the network address space. It has become a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of ipv4 address exhaustion. One internet routable IP address of a

NAT

gate way can be used for an entire private network.

Tftp details

> Network address translation (nat) is a method of remapping an ip address space into another by modifying network address information

It is using port no 23, this is the service which is use for remotely access router switch from any location

This is layer 2 device (data link layer devices) mostly. It is use for star topology; it is used to extend the network switch connectivity

Introduction to router is a layer 3 device or it is network layer device which is used for to connect different network

Nag Panchami
Nag Panchami is a major festival of Hindus. According to Hindu Panchang, Panchami of Shukla Paksha of Sawan month is celebrated as Nag Panchami. On this day, the serpent god or snake is worshiped and they are given a bath with milk. But at some places, the tradition of feeding has gone on. Feeding the snake leads to non-digestion or death due to allergy. In the scriptures, Nagas are asked not to give milk, but to take bath with milk.

A basic computer has at least 8 basic components which include a computer case or tower, motherboard, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Random Access Memory (RAM), hard drive (HDD), Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) and some type of optical drive which would be your CD/DVD drive.

What is network?

If we connect two or more computer to each other to share the resources is called ccna network.

Networking divided into two concepts:-
Peer to peer
Server and client
Peer to peer:-
In this relationship all the computer acts as a server as well as client. It provides decentralised administration. CCNA we can connect max 20-25 computerers.

Server and client:-
In this relationship one physical server which is centralize administration of the entire ccna network. In this relationship we connect number of computers. This relationship provides more security.

Media type is a pathway which is use to communicated from one computer to ano6 computer. Media is considering in two media type.

CCNA (cisco certified network associate) details

Trusted media
Untrusted media
Trusted media
It consist a cable and it is responsible 100% transfer the data.
Cables:-
Type of cables:-
Twisted pair utp and stp
Co-axial
Fiber optic
Twisted pair:-
Twisted pair consist two types,
STP (shielded twisted pair) cable
UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cable
STP:- STP is use for underground fitting.

UTP:- UTP is used for open.

UTP is consisting of following color code:-

Orange white
Tx
Orange Tx
Green white Rx
Blue white

Blue

Green Rx
Brown white

Brown

Type of UTP cables:-

Cat 1: use audio for telephone and its dtr is 4 Mbps.
Cat 2: use for computer network and its dtr is 8 Mbps.
Cat 3: use for computer network and its dtr is 16 Mbps.
Cat 4: use for computer network and its dtr 20 Mbps.
Cat 5: use for computer network and its dtr 100 Mbps.
Cat 6: use for computer network and its dtr is 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps.

Using the UTP cables we are to create various cable type to connect various devices.
Straight through:- it is used for to connect dissimilar types of device. Like hub to pc, switch to pc, switch to router.

Hub / switch PC
Orange white Orange white
Orange Orange
Green white Green white
Blue white Blue white
Blue Blue
Green Green
Brown white Brown white
Brown Brown

1. Cross over cable:- it is use to connect similar type of device like pc to pc, hub to hub, switch to switch.

   PC PC
   Orange white Green white
   Orange Green
   Green white Orange white
   Blue white Blue white
   Blue Blue
   Green Orange
   Brown white Brown white
   Brown Brown

2. Roll over:- it is use to connect router to computer it is also called console cable.

   Router PC
   Orange white Brown
   Orange Brown white
   Green white Green
   Blue white Blue
   Blue Blue white
   Green Green white
   Brown white Orange white
   Brown Orange

Cable specification:-

Gigabit 1000 base t 1 gtps baseband twisted pair
Fast ethernet 100 base t 100 Mbps baseband twisted pair
Ethernet 10 base t 10 Mbps baseband twisted pair

Co-axial:-
What is a media type example?

It is mostly use for TV network. This cable is available in,
10 base 2 10 Mbps speed distance 200m
10 base 3 10 Mbps speed distance 300m
10 base 5 10 Mbps speed distance 500m

Fiber optic:-
It is one the best cable to transmit the data audio and video to long distance networking. It is very expensive and complicated to manage.
What is a media type example?

Specification:-
1000 base LX long wavelength, multimode[3 km] or single mode [100 km]
1000 base sxshort wavelength,
10 base F 2000 meters

Fiber optic mode:-
Multi-mode used LED used in LAN's
Single mode used laser used in telephone network

Connectors:-
SC (subscriber connector)
ST (straight tip connector)
Ethernet: any network is configuring using twisted pairfiber optic cable is called ethernet.
Token ring: any network is configuring using co-axial cable is called token ring.

Untrusted media:-
It consist to wireless frequency and it is not secure to transfer the data 100%.

The configuration, or topology, of a network is key to determining its performance. Network topology is the way a network is arranged, including the physical or logical description of how links and nodes are set up to relate to each other.
There are numerous ways a network can be arranged, all with different pros and cons, and some are more useful in certain circumstances than others. Admins have a range of options when it comes to choosing a network topology and this decision must account for the size and scale of their business, its goals, and budget. Several tasks go into effective network topology management, visual mapping, and general performance monitoring. The key is to understand your objectives and requirements to create and manage the network topology in the right way for your business.
Following an in depth network topology definition, this article will look at the main types of network topologies, their benefits and drewbacks, and consideration for your business. I also discuss the use and benefits of network topology mapping software like solarwinds network topology mapper in configuring your network, visualising the way device connect, and troubleshooting network issues.

What is network topology?

Fathers Day means Fathers Day, which is celebrated on the third Sunday of June of the year, just as Mother's Day is celebrated in honor of the mother, in the same way as a son's Fathers day towards his father. As one shows respect, although Fathers Day has been celebrated in different parts of the world on different dates, but everyone's purpose is the same, all should respect their father and follow the path given by them.

Dynamic routes are routes learned via routing protocols. Routing protocols are configured on routers with the purpose of exchanging routing information. There are many benefits of using routing protocols in your network, such as:

unlike static routing, you don’t need to manually configure every route on each router in the network. You just need to configure the networks to be advertised on a router directly connected to them.

if a link fails and the network topology changes, routers can advertise that some routes have failed and pick a new route to that network.

New Delhi. The Rath Yatra of Sri Jagannath Temple located in Puri is famous all over the world. Devotees from all over the country and abroad come to participate in it. This time the Rath Yatra is starting from July 4. On this occasion, we will tell you about some interesting things related to the temple.