Quantum Physics and Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is the computing process which is based completely upon quantum laws and is carried out by quantum phenomena. Despite our lack of complete control over the quantum phenomena, this thing has created a great fuss in modern community.

Everything is made up of fundamental entities. The most fundamental entity of a physical interaction or quantity is called a quantum. Every interaction that exists in nature has its own name for its respective quantum.

For instance, let us consider light. Light is composed of particles or small packets of energy analogous to matter, composed of packets of particles – atoms (though atom is not fundamental). This packet of energy is called a quantum of energy and coined a name, photon. Also, quanta is the plural of quantum. Quanta of energy refers to a group of photons.

Likewise, quantum of strong interaction is called gluon and quantum of weak interaction are called W and Z bosons. However, the understanding of these interaction is beyond the scope of this explanation.

Quantum Computers works on the basis of quantum computing and can solve some particular problems that a modern supercomputer takes days or months in some hours or minutes. This idea provokes a question – can quantum computers replace modern computers?

Quantum is a luscious word for physicists; it alludes the smallest quantity of a quantifiable thing. Whenever a phrase with the word quantum comes, it becomes a prime interest for any physics geek.

Quantum entanglement, the topic under discussion here, is the correlation between the particles called ‘entangled particles’, which cannot be explained by classical theory.

A pair of entangled particles, in theory, remains strongly correlated throughout any distance so that the change produced in one instantaneously (in no time) produces a change in the other and hence defying special theory of relativity, according to which no effect can propagate faster than light.

Quantum teleportation is the communication between distant quantum particles, it is instantaneous information sharing between two quantum particles as if they have some sort of connection. This connection is called quantum entanglement.

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"The act of observation affects the observed." It can be well explained in this scenario of double slit experiment.